526互联

Java学习笔记（八）GUI

发布时间 2023-03-22 21:20:09作者: 雪化凛然

GUI编程

如何学习？

  • 这是什么？
  • 它怎么玩？
  • 该如何去平时运用？

组件

  • 窗口
  • 弹窗
  • 面板
  • 文本框
  • 列表框
  • 按钮
  • 图片
  • 监听事件
  • 鼠标
  • 键盘
  • 破解工具

1. 简介

Gui的核心技术：Swing AWT，不流行，快被淘汰了，

  • 因为界面不美观
  • 需要jre环境

为什么我们要学习？

  1. 可以写出自己心中想要的一些小工具
  2. 工作时候可能需要维护到swing界面（概率小）
  3. 了解MVC架构，了解监听器的概念

2. AWT

1. 介绍

  1. abstract window toolkit抽象窗口工具箱，包含了很多类和接口

  2. GUI：Graphics User Interface图形用户界面

  3. 包含了窗口，按钮，文本框等元素

pptnnGn.png

2. 组件和容器

1. Frame

package com.tyrant.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class FrameDemo01 {

    //GUI第一个界面
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图像界面窗口");

        //需要设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(1920,1080);

        //设置窗口背景颜色
        frame.setBackground(new Color(240, 0, 255));

        //弹出的基本位置
        frame.setLocation(0,0);

        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

pptvJHK.png

问题：不能关闭？答：关闭java程序运行

尝试：回顾封装

package com.tyrant.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class FrameDemo02 {

    //展示多个窗口
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //创建多个Frame对象
        MyFrame mf1 = new MyFrame(0, 0, 400, 400, Color.blue);
        MyFrame mf2 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 400, 400, Color.yellow);
        MyFrame mf3 = new MyFrame(200, 200, 400, 400, Color.red);
        MyFrame mf4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 400, 400, Color.blue);

    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{

    private static int id = 0; //可能存在多个窗口

    public MyFrame(int x, int y, int w, int h, Color color ){
        super("MyFrame" + (++id));//每次调用id+1

        //设置界面可见性
        setVisible(true);

        //设置界面宽高
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);

        //设置界面颜色
        setBackground(color);

    }
}

pptz1w6.png

2. 面板Panel

使用触发器解决了关闭问题（适配器模式）

package com.tyrant.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class PanelDemo01 {

    //Panel 可以看成是一个空间，但是不能单独存在
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //创建一个Frame对象
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //创建一个面板对象
        Panel panel = new Panel();

        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);

        //坐标
        frame.setBounds(0,0,1920,1080);

        //颜色
        frame.setBackground(new Color(0,0,0));

        //panel设置坐标，相对于Frame
        panel.setBounds(0,0,960,1080);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(255,255,255));

        //frame.add(Panel panel)
        frame.add(panel);

        //可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0)
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            //窗口点击关闭时需要做的事情
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });//适配器模式
    }
}

3. 布局管理器

  • 流式布局
package com.tyrant.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class FlowLayoutDemo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //创建Frame对象
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //按钮组件
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");

        //设置为流式布局
//        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));

        //设置位置和大小
        frame.setBounds(480,270,500,500);

        //添加按钮
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);

        //设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //监听事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
  • 东西南北中
package com.tyrant.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class BorderLayoutDemo01 {

    //东西南北中
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //创建Frame对象那个
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderDemo");

        Button button01 = new Button("East");
        Button button02 = new Button("West");
        Button button03 = new Button("South");
        Button button04 = new Button("North");
        Button button05 = new Button("Center");

        //设置东西南北中布局
        frame.add(button01,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(button02,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(button03,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(button04,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button05,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        //大小
        frame.setBounds(0,0,500,500);

        //设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //监听事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

    }
}
  • 表格布局
package com.tyrant.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class GridLayoutDemo01 {

    //表格布局
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //创建Frame对象
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //设置表格布局
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));

        //可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //大小
        frame.setBounds(0,0,500,500);

        //监听事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

        //按钮组件
        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");

        //添加按钮组件
        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);

        //Java函数，自动填充
        //frame.pack();
    }
}

练习：设计如下布局

ppNUf7d.png

package com.tyrant.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class LayoutDemo01 {

    //实现上图八个按钮布局
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //创建frame对象
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //创建Button组件
        Button btn1 = new Button("1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("6");
        Button btn7 = new Button("7");
        Button btn8 = new Button("8");
        Button btn9 = new Button("9");
        Button btn10 = new Button("10");

        //设置表格布局
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(1,3));

        //添加面板组件
        Panel panel1 = new Panel();

        //panel1中添加按钮
        panel1.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        panel1.add(btn2);
        panel1.add(btn3);

        Panel panel2 = new Panel();

        panel2.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2));
        panel2.add(btn6);
        panel2.add(btn7);
        panel2.add(btn8);
        panel2.add(btn9);

        Panel panel3 = new Panel();
        panel3.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        panel3.add(btn1);
        panel3.add(btn5);

        Panel panel4 = new Panel();
        panel4.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        panel4.add(btn4);
        panel4.add(btn10);

        Panel panel5 = new Panel();
        panel5.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        panel5.add(panel1);
        panel5.add(panel2);


        //添加组件

        frame.add(panel3);
        frame.add(panel5);
        frame.add(panel4);


        //位置大小
        frame.setBounds(0,0,500,400);
        panel1.setBounds(0,0,300,200);
        panel2.setBounds(0,200,300,200);
        panel3.setBounds(0,0,100,400);
        panel4.setBounds(400,0,100,400);
        panel5.setBounds(100,0,300,400);

        //可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //监听事件关闭
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

结果图：

ppNUW0H.png

总结：

  1. Frame是一个顶级窗口
  2. Panel无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器中
  3. 布局管理器
    1. 流式布局
    2. 东西南北中
    3. 表格布局
  4. 大小，定位，背景颜色，可见性，监听等

4. 事件监听

事件监听：当某个事情发生的时候，干什么

package com.tyrant.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class ActionEventDemo01 {

    //按钮触发一些事件
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        Button button = new Button("按下我");

        button.addActionListener(new MyActionListener());

        //布局
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));

        frame.add(button);

        //自适应
        frame.pack();

        //可视
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //关闭窗口
        windowClosing(frame);


    }

    private static void windowClosing(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

}

class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("AAAA");
    }
}

多个按钮共享一个事件

package com.tyrant.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class ActionEventDemo02 {

    // 两个按钮，实现同一个监听
    // 开始 停止
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //创建Frame对象
        Frame actionEvent02 = new Frame("ActionEvent02");

        //创建Button组件
        Button btn1 = new Button("start");
        Button btn2 = new Button("stop");

        //可以显示定义触发会返回的命令，如果不显示定义，则会走默认的值
        //可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
        btn1.setActionCommand("出来了");
        btn2.setActionCommand("收回去");


        //监听事件
        btn1.addActionListener(new MyMonitor());
        btn2.addActionListener(new MyMonitor());

        actionEvent02.add(btn1);
        actionEvent02.add(btn2);

        //大小
        actionEvent02.setBounds(0,0,500,500);

        //布局
        actionEvent02.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));

        //可视
        actionEvent02.setVisible(true);

        //关闭窗口
        windowClosing(actionEvent02);

    }

    private static void windowClosing(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

}

class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

        System.out.println("获得的信息：" + e.getActionCommand());

    }
}

5. 输入框TextFild监听

package com.tyrant.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TextDemo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        start();

    }

    public static void start(){
        MyFrame myFrame = new MyFrame();
    }

}

class MyFrame extends Frame {
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);

        textField.setEchoChar('*');

        //监听这个文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);

        //可视性
        setVisible(true);

        pack();

        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

    }
}

class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField text = (TextField)e.getSource();//获得一些资源，返回一个对象
        System.out.println("你输入了：" + text.getText());//获得输入框的文本
        text.setText("");//null 是一个对象    ""是一个字符串
    }
}

6. 简易计算器，组合+内部类回顾复习

oop原则：组合大于继承

package com.tyrant.lesson02;

import javax.xml.soap.Text;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.util.SplittableRandom;

public class CalcDemo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        start();
    }

    public static void start(){

        CalculatorFrame01 calculatorFrame01 = new CalculatorFrame01();
    }
}

//计算器类
class CalculatorFrame01 extends Frame {

    public CalculatorFrame01(){

        //3个文本框
        TextField t1 = new TextField(12);
        TextField t2 = new TextField(12);
        TextField t3 = new TextField(24);

        //一个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");

        //一个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        add(t1);
        add(label);
        add(t2);
        add(button);
        add(t3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);


        //监听
        CalculatorActionListener01 cal = new CalculatorActionListener01(t1,t2,t3);
        button.addActionListener(cal);
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

    }

}

//监听器类
class CalculatorActionListener01 implements ActionListener{


    private TextField num1,num2,num3;

    public CalculatorActionListener01(TextField num1, TextField num2, TextField num3) {
        this.num1 = num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
        this.num3 = num3;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

        //两个框相加
        Integer i = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText()) + Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());

        //放进第三个框
        num3.setText("" + i);

        //清除前两个框
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

面向对象的组合优化写法：

package com.tyrant.lesson02;

import javax.xml.soap.Text;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.util.SplittableRandom;

public class CalcDemo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new CalculatorFrame01().loadCalculator01();
    }

}

//计算器类
class CalculatorFrame01 extends Frame {

    //3个文本框
    TextField t1;
    TextField t2;
    TextField t3;

    //一个按钮
    Button button;

    //一个标签
    Label label;


    public void loadCalculator01(){

        //3个文本框
        t1 = new TextField(12);
        t2 = new TextField(12);
        t3 = new TextField(24);

        //一个按钮
        button = new Button("=");

        //一个标签
        label = new Label("+");

        //监听
        CalculatorActionListener01 cal = new CalculatorActionListener01(this);
        button.addActionListener(cal);
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        add(t1);
        add(label);
        add(t2);
        add(button);
        add(t3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);

    }

}

//监听器类
class CalculatorActionListener01 implements ActionListener{


    CalculatorFrame01 calculatorFrame01 = null;

    public CalculatorActionListener01(CalculatorFrame01 calculatorFrame01) {

        this.calculatorFrame01 = calculatorFrame01;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

        //两个框相加
        Integer i = Integer.parseInt(calculatorFrame01.t1.getText()) + Integer.parseInt(calculatorFrame01.t2.getText());

        //放进第三个框
        calculatorFrame01.t3.setText("" + i);

        //清除前两个框
        calculatorFrame01.t1.setText("");
        calculatorFrame01.t2.setText("");

    }
}

再进行内部类优化：

package com.tyrant.lesson02;

import javax.xml.soap.Text;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.util.SplittableRandom;

public class CalcDemo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new CalculatorFrame01().loadCalculator01();
    }

}

//计算器类
class CalculatorFrame01 extends Frame {

    //3个文本框
    TextField t1;
    TextField t2;
    TextField t3;

    //一个按钮
    Button button;

    //一个标签
    Label label;


    public void loadCalculator01(){

        //3个文本框
        t1 = new TextField(12);
        t2 = new TextField(12);
        t3 = new TextField(24);

        //一个按钮
        button = new Button("=");

        //一个标签
        label = new Label("+");

        //监听
        CalculatorActionListener01 cal = new CalculatorActionListener01();
        button.addActionListener(cal);
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        add(t1);
        add(label);
        add(t2);
        add(button);
        add(t3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);

    }

    //监听器类
    //内部类最大的好处，就是可以畅通无阻地访问外部类
    private class CalculatorActionListener01 implements ActionListener{


        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

            //两个框相加
            int i = Integer.parseInt(t1.getText()) + Integer.parseInt(t2.getText());

            //放进第三个框
            t3.setText("" + i);

            //清除前两个框
            t1.setText("");
            t2.setText("");

        }
    }
}

7. 画笔

package com.tyrant.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;

public class PaintDemo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().Load();
    }
}

class MyPaint extends Frame {

    public void Load(){
        setBounds(400,400,500,500);
        setVisible(true);
        setBackground(new Color(0,0,0));
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //super.paint(g);
        //画笔需要有颜色，可以画画
        g.setColor(new Color(255,255,255));
        g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);//空心的圆
        g.fillOval(200,100,100,100);//实心的圆
        g.setColor(new Color(255,0,255));
        g.fillRect(100,200,100,100);//矩形
    }
}

8. 鼠标监听

目的：实现鼠标画画

思路：如下图

ppUBnAg.png

代码实现：

package com.tyrant.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

//鼠标监听事件
public class MouseListenerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new MyFrame().load("画笔");

    }
}

//自己的类
class MyFrame extends Frame {
    //画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前的位置，需要集合来存储这个点
    private ArrayList<Point> points ;

    public void load(String title){

        //设置和组件
        setTitle(title);
        setBounds(200,200,500,500);
        setVisible(true);

        //存点
        points = new ArrayList<Point>();

        //鼠标监听器，正对这个窗口
        addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());


        //布局

    }

    //画笔方法
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //根据点使用画笔
        Iterator<Point> it = points.iterator();
        while(it.hasNext()){
            Point next = it.next();
            g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
            g.fillOval(next.x,next.y,10,10);
        }
    }

    //监听类（内部类）
    //适配器模式
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
        @Override
        public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame myFrame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
            //点击的时候加一个点
            Point point = new Point(e.getX(), e.getY());
            points.add(point);

            //每次点击重新画
            myFrame.repaint();//刷新    帧

        }
    }
}

9. 窗口监听

package com.tyrant.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class WindowListenerDemo01 {

    //窗口监听
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new MyWindowFrame01().load();

    }
}

//自己的窗口类
class MyWindowFrame01 extends Frame{

    //属性

    //方法
    public void load(){

        //设置
        setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        setVisible(true);

        //组件
        Button disVisible = new Button("disVisible");


        //监听（建议用匿名内部类写）
        //disVisible.addActionListener(new MyActionListener01());//内部类写法
        disVisible.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {//匿名内部类写法
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                setVisible(false);//隐藏窗口
            }
        });

        //addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener01());
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
/*
            @Override
            public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
                //setVisible(false);
                System.out.println("closed");//不好监听
                System.exit(0);//正常退出
            }
*/

/*
            @Override
            public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("opened");//不好监听
            }
*/

            @Override
            public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("activated");
                setTitle("被激活了");
            }

            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("closing");
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });


        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
        add(disVisible);
    }


    //内部类
    private class MyWindowListener01 extends WindowAdapter{
        @Override
        public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
            //setVisible(false);
            System.exit(0);//正常退出
        }
    }

    private class MyActionListener01 implements ActionListener {
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            setVisible(false);//隐藏窗口
        }
    }
}

10. 键盘监听

package com.tyrant.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class KeyListenerDemo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new MyKeyFrame01().load();

    }
}

class MyKeyFrame01 extends Frame {

    //属性

    //方法
    public void load(){

        //设置
        setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        setVisible(true);

        //组件

        //监听
        addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            //键盘按下
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获得按下的键是哪一个
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//获得键盘的码
                if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP ){
                    System.out.println("你按了上键");
                }
            }
        });

        //布局
        
    }
}

3. Swing

1. 窗口、面板

package com.tyrant.lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo01 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new JFrameDemo01().init();

    }

    //init(); 初始化
    public void init(){
        JFrame jf = new JFrame();
        jf.setVisible(true);
        jf.setBackground(Color.red);
        jf.setBounds(300,300,400,400);

        //设置文字
        JLabel jl = new JLabel("tyrantblue");
        jl.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        jf.add(jl);

        //要实例化容器
        Container contentPane = jf.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setBackground(Color.red);

        //关闭事件
        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

2. 弹窗

package com.tyrant.lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class DialogDemo01 extends JFrame {

    //属性

    //方法
    public void init(){
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //JFrame 放东西在容器上
        Container container = getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);

        //按钮
        JButton button = new JButton("弹窗按钮");
        button.setBounds(20,20,100,50);
        container.add(button);

        //监听
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //弹出一个弹窗
                new MyDialog01().load();
            }
        });

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo01().init();
    }
}

class MyDialog01 extends JDialog{

    //属性

    //方法
    public void load(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,100);

        //实例化容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
        JLabel jl = new JLabel("你打开了弹窗");
//        jl.setBounds(0,0,200,100);
        container.add(jl);
    }
}

3. 标签

label

new Lable();

图标

package com.tyrant.lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class IconDemo01 extends JFrame implements Icon {

    private int width;
    private int height;

    public IconDemo01(){

    }

    public IconDemo01(int width,int height){
        this.height = height;
        this.width = width;
    }

    public void init(){

        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(200,200,500,500);

        JLabel icon = new JLabel("Icon", new IconDemo01(20, 20), SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(icon);
//        container.setVisible(true);
//        container.setBounds(200,200,500,500);
    }




    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new IconDemo01().init();

    }
}

package com.tyrant.lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;

public class ImageIconDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public void init(){

        JLabel jl = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
        //获取图片地址
        URL url = ImageIconDemo01.class.getResource("home-line.png");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        jl.setIcon(imageIcon);
        jl.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        add(jl);
        setBounds(200,200,500,500);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo01().init();
    }
}

4. 面板

JPanel

package com.tyrant.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JPanelDemo01 extends JFrame {

    JButton btn1;
    JPanel jp1 ;
    JPanel jp2 ;

    public void init(){

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,20,10));//后面的是间距

        jp1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
        jp2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));


        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            jp1.add(new JButton("AAA"));
            jp2.add(new JButton("BBB"));

        }
        add(jp1);
        add(jp2);


        setVisible(true);
        setSize(500,600);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo01().init();
    }
}

JScroll

package com.tyrant.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public void init(){
        Container container = getContentPane();
        TextArea text01 = new TextArea(10,50);;//文本域
        text01.setText("Hello");
        container.add(text01);
        JButton btn = new JButton("Hello");
//        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(text01);
//        container.add(jScrollPane);
        container.add(btn);
        
        container.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
        setVisible(true);
        setSize(500,500);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo01().init();
    }
}

5. 按钮

图片按钮，单选框，复选框

package com.tyrant.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public void init(){

        Container container = getContentPane();
        //图片按钮
        URL url = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("home1.png");//这里的名字不能和同项目下的重名
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        JButton btn = new JButton("home");
        btn.setIcon(imageIcon);
        btn.setSize(72,24);
        btn.setToolTipText("返回主页");
        container.add(btn);


        //单选框
        JRadioButton jr1 = new JRadioButton("jr1");
        JRadioButton jr2 = new JRadioButton("jr2");
        JRadioButton jr3 = new JRadioButton("jr3");

        //由于单选框只能选一个
        //所以需要分组
        ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
        buttonGroup.add(jr1);
        buttonGroup.add(jr2);
        buttonGroup.add(jr3);

        container.add(jr1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(jr2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(jr3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        //多选框
        JCheckBox jCheckBox1 = new JCheckBox("jcb1");
        JCheckBox jCheckBox2 = new JCheckBox("jcb2");
        JCheckBox jCheckBox3 = new JCheckBox("jcb3");

        container.add(jCheckBox1);
        container.add(jCheckBox2);
        container.add(jCheckBox3);

        container.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
        setVisible(true);
        setSize(500,500);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01().init();
    }
}

6. 列表

  • 下拉框

  • 列表框

package com.tyrant.lesson06;

import javafx.scene.control.ComboBox;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;

public class ComboBoxDemo01 extends JFrame {


    public void init(){
        Container container = getContentPane();

        //复选框
        JComboBox jComboBox = new JComboBox();
        jComboBox.addItem(null);
        jComboBox.addItem("上海");
        jComboBox.addItem("深圳");
        jComboBox.addItem("北京");

        container.add(jComboBox);

        //生成列表的内容
        String[] strings = {"1","2","3"};
        JList<String> stringJList = new JList<>(strings);
        container.add(stringJList);

        //动态
        Vector<String> strings1 = new Vector<>();
        strings1.add("张三");
        strings1.add("李四");
        strings1.add("王五");
        JList<String> stringJList1 = new JList<>(strings1);
        container.add(stringJList1);

        container.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
        setVisible(true);
        setSize(500,500);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new ComboBoxDemo01().init();
    }
}

7. 文本

package com.tyrant.lesson06;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TextDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public void init() {
        Container container = getContentPane();

        //文本框
        JTextField jTextField = new JTextField("hello");
        JTextField jTextField2 = new JTextField("world",40);
        container.add(jTextField);
        container.add(jTextField2);

        //密码框
        JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField(30);
        container.add(jPasswordField);


        container.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
        setVisible(true);
        setSize(500,500);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TextDemo01().init();
    }
}

4. 贪吃蛇

键盘监听

定时器

步骤：

  1. 定义数据
  2. 画上去
  3. 监听事件

代码实现

Data.java

package com.tyrant.snake;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class Data {

    //标题
    public static ImageIcon headerIcon = new ImageIcon("static/header.png");

    //头
    //使用getResource()方法不好获取包外的资源
    public static ImageIcon upIcon = new ImageIcon("static/up.png");
    public static ImageIcon downIcon = new ImageIcon("static/down.png");
    public static ImageIcon leftIcon = new ImageIcon("static/left.png");
    public static ImageIcon rightIcon = new ImageIcon("static/right.png");

    //身体
    public static ImageIcon bodyIcon = new ImageIcon("static/body.png");

    //食物
    public static ImageIcon foodIcon = new ImageIcon("static/food.png");
}

GamePanel.java

package com.tyrant.snake;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.Random;

public class GamePanel extends JPanel {

    //定义蛇的数据结构
    private int length;//蛇的长度
    private int[] snakeX = new int[600];  //蛇的x坐标 25*25
    private int[] snakeY = new int[500];  //蛇的y坐标 25*25
    private String fx ;

    //食物的坐标
    private int foodX ;
    private int foodY ;
    Random random = new Random();

    //游戏当前的状态：
    private boolean isStart;//开始，停止
    private boolean isFail;//是否失败

    //定时器
    Timer timer = new Timer(100,new MyActionListener());

    //构造器
    public GamePanel(){
        init();
        gameListener();
    }

    //初始化方法
    public void init(){
        
        setBounds(0,0,900,720);

        //默认蛇三节
        length = 3;
        snakeX[0] = 100;snakeY[0] = 100;
        snakeX[1] = 75;snakeY[1] = 100;
        snakeX[2] = 50;snakeY[2] = 100;

        //默认头方向朝右
        fx = "r";

        //默认食物位置
        foodX = 25 + 25 * random.nextInt(34);
        foodY = 75 + 25 * random.nextInt(24);

        //默认不开始
        isStart = false;
        isFail = false;
    }

    //监听方法
    public void gameListener() {

        //获取焦点事件
        setFocusable(true);

        //获得键盘监听事件
        addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//获得按键码
                if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE){//空格则取反
                    if (isFail){
                        init();

                    }else {
                        isStart = !isStart;
                    }

                    repaint();
                }

                //小蛇移动
                if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT ||keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_A){
                    fx = "l";
                }
                if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT ||keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_D){
                    fx = "r";
                }
                if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP ||keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_W){
                    fx = "u";
                }
                if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN ||keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_S){
                    fx = "d";
                }
            }
        });

        //事件监听,定时器
        timer.start();
    }

    //绘制面板，游戏中的所有面板都使用这个画笔来画
    @Override
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);//清屏
        setBackground(Color.WHITE);

        //绘制框架
        Data.headerIcon.paintIcon(this,g,25,10);
        g.fillRect(25,75,850,600);

        //把小蛇画上去
        //Data.rightIcon.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0] );//头的坐标

        //判断头朝向
        if (fx.equals("r")){
            Data.rightIcon.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0] );//右
        } else if (fx.equals("l")){
            Data.leftIcon.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0] );//左
        } else if (fx.equals("u")){
            Data.upIcon.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0] );//上
        } else if (fx.equals("d")){
            Data.downIcon.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0] );//下
        }

        //根据小蛇的长度画身体
        for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
            Data.bodyIcon.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[i],snakeY[i] );
        }

        //积分和长度
        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        g.setFont(new Font("楷体_GB2312",Font.BOLD,15));
        g.drawString("长度:" + length,750,35);
        g.drawString("积分:" + ((length-3)*10),750,50);

        //Data.bodyIcon.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[1],snakeY[1] );//第一个身体
        //Data.bodyIcon.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[2],snakeY[2] );//第二个身体

        //画食物
        Data.foodIcon.paintIcon(this,g,foodX,foodY);

        //游戏状态
        if (!isStart){
            g.setColor(Color.yellow);
            g.setFont(new Font("楷体_GB2312",Font.BOLD,40));
            g.drawString("按空格开始游戏",300,300);
        }

        if (isFail){
            g.setColor(Color.RED);
            g.setFont(new Font("楷体_GB2312",Font.BOLD,30));
            g.drawString("失败了，空格重新开始",300,300);
        }
    }

    //事件监听
    public class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            if (isStart&&!isFail){

                //吃食物
                if (snakeX[0] == foodX && snakeY[0] == foodY){
                    length++;//长度加一
                    foodX = 25 + 25 *random.nextInt(34);
                    foodY = 75 + 25 *random.nextInt(24);
                }

                //每一节都到前一节的位置
                for (int i = length-1; i>0 ;i--){
                    snakeX[i] = snakeX[i-1];
                    snakeY[i] = snakeY[i-1];
                }

                ////小蛇头的方向
                if (fx.equals("r")){
                    snakeX[0] += 25;
                }
                if (fx.equals("l")){
                    snakeX[0] -= 25;
                }
                if (fx.equals("u")){
                    snakeY[0] -= 25;
                }
                if (fx.equals("d")){
                    snakeY[0] += 25;
                }

                //设置边界

                if (snakeX[0] > 850){
                    snakeX[0] = 25;
                }
                if (snakeY[0] > 650){
                    snakeY[0] =  75;
                }

                if (snakeX[0] < 25){
                    snakeX[0] = 850;
                }
                if (snakeY[0] < 75){
                    snakeY[0] =  650;
                }

                //失败
                for (int i = 1; i < length ; i++) {
                    if (snakeX[0] == snakeX[i] && snakeY[0] == snakeY[i]){

                        isFail=true;
                    }
                }
                repaint();
            }
        }
    }
}

StartGame.java

package com.tyrant.snake;

import com.sun.deploy.panel.ControlPanel;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

//游戏的主启动类
public class StartGame extends JFrame {

    public void init(){

        add(new GamePanel());
        Container container = getContentPane();
//        container.setLayout(null);
        setResizable(false);
        setBounds(400,400,900,720);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

test.java

package com.tyrant.snake;

public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new StartGame().init();
    }
}

效果如下：

ppd1iZR.png
ppd1CL9.png
ppd19sJ.png