一、实验目的：
1．理解动态路由的工作原理；
2. 学习并掌握动态路由协议RIP的配置；
3．学习并掌握动态路由协议OSPF的配置；
4．进一步学习路由器的配置命令。
二、实验原理：
RIP：Routing Information Protocol，路由信息协议，是应用较早、使用较普遍的IGP内部网关协议，适用于小型同类网络，是典型的距离矢量协议。
RIP协议跳数作为衡量路径开销的，RIP协议里规定最大跳数为15。
RIP协议有两个版本RIPv1和RIPv2。
RIPv1属于有类路由协议，不支持VLSM（变长子网掩码），RIPv1是以广播的形式进行路由信息的更新的；更新周期为30秒。
RIPv2属于无类路由协议，支持VLSM（变长子网掩码），RIPv2是以组播的形式进行路由信息的更新的，组播地址是224.0.0.9。RIPv2还支持基于端口的认证，提高网络的安全性。
OSPF协议用链路状态来评估路由，可用于规模很大的网络。
OSPF可通过区域划分网络，对于规模较小的网络一般只设置一个区域0，对于规模较大的网络，可划分多个区域，其中区域0是必不可少的，它用于连接其它各区域。
OSPF协议采用组播方式进行OSPF包交换，组播地址为224.0.0.5（全部OSPF路由器）和224.0.06（指定路由器）。
OSPF协议的管理距离是110，低于RIP协议的120，所以如果设备同时运行OSPF协议和RIP协议，则OSPF协议产生的路由优先级高。
三、实验设备：
计算机、二层交换机、路由器
四、实验拓扑图：
五、实验过程：
1 1）三层交换机的基本配置 2 3 Switch(config)#vlan 10 4 Switch(config-vlan) 5 Switch(config-vlan)# 6 Switch(config-vlan)#end 7 Switch#configure terminal 8 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. 9 Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1 10 Switch(config-if)# 11 %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console 12 13 Switch(config-if)#exit 14 Switch(config)#iterface FastEthernet0/1 15 16 Switch(config-if)# 17 Switch(config-if)# 18 Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 19 Switch(config-if)#exit 20 Switch(config)#vlan 50 21 Switch#configure terminal 22 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. 23 Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1 24 Switch(config-if)# 25 %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console 26 27 Switch(config-if)#exit 28 Switch(config)#interface FastEthernet0/2 29 Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 50 30 Switch(config-if)#exit 31 Switch(config)#interface vlan 10 32 Switch(config-if)# 33 %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan10, changed state to up 34 35 Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.81.2 255.255.255.0 36 Switch(config-if)#exit 37 Switch(config)#interface vlan 50 38 Switch(config-if)# 39 %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan50, changed state to up 40 41 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan50, changed state to up 42 43 Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.85.1 255.255.255.0 44 Switch(config-if)#no shutdown 45 46 47 48 验证测试： 49 50 51 Switch#show ip interface 52 FastEthernet0/1 is down, line protocol is down 53 Internet protocol processing disabled 54 FastEthernet0/2 is up, line protocol is up 55 Internet protocol processing disabled 56 FastEthernet0/3 is down, line protocol is down 57 Internet protocol processing disabled 58 FastEthernet0/4 is down, line protocol is dow 59 Internet protocol processing disabled 60 FastEthernet0/5 is down, line protocol is down 61 Internet protocol processing disabled 62 FastEthernet0/6 is down, line protocol is down 63 Internet protocol processing disabled 64 FastEthernet0/7 is down, line protocol is down 65 Internet protocol processing disabled 66 FastEthernet0/8 is down, line protocol is dow 67 Internet protocol processing disabled 68 FastEthernet0/9 is down, line protocol is down 69 Internet protocol processing disabled 70 FastEthernet0/10 is down, line protocol is down 71 Internet protocol processing disabled 72 FastEthernet0/11 is down, line protocol is down 73 Internet protocol processing disabled 74 --More-- 75 2） 路由器基本配置 76 77 在路由器A上配置端口IP 78 79 Router>enable 80 Router# 81 Router#configure terminal 82 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. 83 Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0 84 Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.81.1 255.255.255.0 85 Router(config-if)#no shutdown 86 87 Router(config-if)# 88 %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up 89 90 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up 91 92 Router(config-if)#interface serial 0/3/0 93 Router(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0 94 Router(config-if)#Clock rate 64000 95 Router(config-if)#no shutdown 96 97 在路由器B上配置端口IP 98 Router(config)#interface Serial0/3/0 99 Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.82.2 255.255.255.0 100 Router(config-if)# 101 Router(config-if)#exit 102 Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0 103 Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.83.1 255.255.255.0 104 Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.83.1 255.255.255.0 105 Router(config-if)# 106 Router(config-if)#exit 107 108 验证测试：验证路由器接口的配置和状态 109 110 Router#show ip interface brief 111 Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protoco 112 FastEthernet0/0 192.168.81.1 YES manual up up 113 FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down 114 Serial0/3/0 172.16.2.1 YES manual up up 115 Serial0/3/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down 116 Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down 117 118 119 Router#show ip interface brief 120 Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol 121 FastEthernet0/0 192.168.83.1 YES manual up up 122 FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down 123 Serial0/3/0 192.168.82.2 YES manual up up 124 Serial0/3/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down 125 126 Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down 127 128 129 2、配置RIPv2路由协议 130 131 1）三层交换机配置RIP协议 132 133 Switch>enable 134 Switch#config 135 Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]? 136 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. 137 Switch(config)#router rip 138 IP routing not enabled 139 Switch(config)#ip routing 140 Switch(config)#router rip 141 Switch(config-router)#network 192.168.81.0 142 Switch(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 143 Switch(config-router)#version 2 144 Switch(config-router)# 145 146 147 2）RA配置RIP v2协议 148 Router(config)#router rip 149 Router(config-router)#network 192.168.81.0 150 Router(config-router)#network 192.168.82.0 151 Router(config-router)#version 2 152 Router(config-router)#no auto-summary 153 Router(config-router)# 154 155 3）RB配置RIP v2协议 156 Router(config)#router rip 157 Router(config-router)#network 192.168.82.0 158 Router(config-router)#network 192.168.83.0 159 Router(config-router)#version 2 160 Router(config-router)#no auto-summary 161 162 3、验证三台路由设备的路由表，查看是否自动学习了其他网段的路由信息。 163 164 Switch#show ip route 165 Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP 166 D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 167 N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 168 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP 169 i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area 170 * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR 171 P - periodic downloaded static route 172 Gateway of last resort is not set 173 174 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets 175 C 192.168.81.0 is directly connected, Vlan10 176 R 192.168.82.0 [120/1] via 192.168.81.1, 00:00:21, Vlan10 177 R 192.168.83.0 [120/2] via 192.168.81.1, 00:00:21, Vlan10 178 C 172.16.5.0 is directly connected, Vlan50 179 180 181 Router#show ip route 182 Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP 183 D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 184 N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 185 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP 186 i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area 187 * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR 188 P - periodic downloaded static route 189 190 Gateway of last resort is not set 191 192 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks 193 C 192.168.81.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 194 L 192.168.81.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 195 C 192.168.82.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/3/0 196 L 172.16.2.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/3/0 197 R 192.168.83.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.82.2, 00:00:15, Serial0/3/0 198 R 172.16.5.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.81.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0 199 200 201 Router#show ip route 202 Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP 203 D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 204 N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 205 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP 206 i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area 207 * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR 208 P - periodic downloaded static route 209 Gateway of last resort is not set 210 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks 211 R 192.168.81.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:27, Serial0/3/0 212 C 192.168.82.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/3/0 213 L 192.168.82.2/32 is directly connected, Serial0/3/0 214 C 192.168.83.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 215 L 192.168.83.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 216 R 172.16.5.0/24 [120/2] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:27, Serial0/3/0 217 218 4、配置OSPF路由协议 219 三层交换机 220 Switch#config 221 Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]? 222 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. 223 Switch(config)#router ospf 1 224 Switch(config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 225 Switch(config-router)#network 192.168.81.0 0.0.0.0 area 0 226 227 路由器RA 228 Router#config 229 Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]? 230 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. 231 Router(config)#router ospf 1 232 Router(config-router)#network 192.168.81.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 233 Router(config-router)#network 192.168.82.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 234 Router(config-router)#end 235 236 路由器RB 237 Router#config 238 Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]? 239 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. 240 Router(config)#router ospf 1 241 Router(config-router)#network 192.168.82.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 242 Router(config-router)#netwo 243 01:06:57: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 172.16.2.1 on Serial0/3/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done 244 % Incomplete command. 245 Router(config-router)#network 192.168.83.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 246 Router(config-router)#end