网络之路由器交换机的设置

发布时间 2023-08-26 15:32:47作者: 成为一代王者的星辰

一、基础知识之(交换机的)虚接口 vlan

1. 端口加入vlan

[S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access 接口模式配置为access模式

[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 2 接口加入 vlan2

<S1>display vlan  查看当前配置的 vlan

 

2.多个端口加入vlan

 

[S1]port-group 1 创建端口组

 

[S1-port-group-1]group-memberg0/0/1 to g0/0/10添加端口组成员

 

[S1-port-group-1]port link-typeaccess

 

[S1-port-group-1]portdefault vlan 2

 

3.Trunk配置

[Huawei]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/5

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]portlink-type trunk 配置接口模式为truk模式

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]porttrunk allow-pass vlan all 配置trunk链路允许通过的vlan

 

4.配置 hybrid

[sw1]vlan batch 10 //创建vlan10
[sw1] interface g0/0/1 //进入接口g0/0/1
[sw1-g0/0/1]port link-type hybrid //将接口改为hybrid模式
[sw1-g0/0/1]port hybrid pvid vlan 10 //配置接口的pvid为10
[sw1-g0/0/1]port hybrid untagged vlan 10
//接口发送数据帧时,允许vlan10的数据帧通过,并且剥离数据帧中的vlan10标签

[sw1] interface g0/0/2 //进入接口g0/0/2
[sw1-g0/0/2]port link-type hybrid //将接口改为hybrid模式
[sw1-g0/0/2]port hybrid pvid vlan 10 //配置接口的pvid为10
[sw1-g0/0/2]port hybrid untagged vlan 10
//接口发送数据帧时,允许vlan10的数据帧通过,并且剥离数据帧中的vlan10标签

验证与测试:
pc1 ping pc2 可以互通

二,需求变化之路由交换配置

1.快速生成树-负载均衡

 

 

需求

  1. PC1属于 vlan 10 ,IP地址为 192.168.10.1/24,网关为 192.168.10.254
  2. PC2属于 vlan 20 ,IP地址为 192.168.20.1/24,网关为 192.168.20.254
  3. 确保PC1与PC2互通
  4. 合理配置 MSTP ,确保PC1与PC2之间的互通路径是最优的

配置步骤:

  1. 配置PC的IP地址
  2. 在所有的交换机中都创建vlan10和vlan20
  3. 交换机连接PC的接口设置为access模式,并加入指定的vlan
  4. 交换机和交换机互联的接口设置trunk模式,并允许vlan10和vlan20 通过
  5. 在所有的交换机中配置MSTP,所有交换机中的MSTP配置都要完全相同
  6. 指定SW1为vlan10的主根, vlan20的备根
  7. 指定SW2为vlan20的主根, vlan10的备根
  8. 配置路由器接口的IP地址

 

命令:

 1 S1、S2、S3创建vlan并配置连接交换机的端口为trunk
 2 [S1]VLAN batch 10 20
 3 [S1]port-group 1
 4 [S1-port-group-1]group-member G0/0/5 G0/0/6
 5 [S1-port-group-1]port link-type trunk
 6 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port trunk allow-pass vlan ALL
 7 
 8 [S2]VLAN batch 10 20
 9 [S2]port-group 1
10 [S2-port-group-1]group-member G0/0/5 G0/0/6
11 [S2-port-group-1]port link-type trunk
12 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port trunk allow-pass vlan ALL
13 
14 [S3]VLAN batch 10 20
15 [S3]port-group 1
16 [S3-port-group-1]group-member G0/0/5 G0/0/6
17 [S3-port-group-1]port link-type trunk
18 [S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port trunk allow-pass vlan ALL
19 
20 S1、S2、S3配置MSTP区域并激活
21 [S1]stp mode mstp 启用MSTP协议
22 [S1]stp region-configuration 创建区域
23 [S1-mst-region]region-name ntd 定义区域名为ntd
24 [S1-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10 指定vlan与实例的对应关系
25 [S1-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20
26 [S1-mst-region]active region-configuration 激活区域配置
27 
28 
29 [S2]stp mode mstp 启用MSTP协议
30 [S2]stp region-configuration 创建区域
31 [S2-mst-region]region-name ntd 定义区域名为ntd
32 [S2-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10 指定vlan与实例的对应关系
33 [S2-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20
34 [S2-mst-region]active region-configuration 激活区域配置
35 
36 [S3]stp mode mstp 启用MSTP协议
37 [S3]stp region-configuration 创建区域
38 [S3-mst-region]region-name ntd 定义区域名为ntd
39 [S3-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10 指定vlan与实例的对应关系
40 [S3-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20
41 [S3-mst-region]active region-configuration 激活区域配置
42 
43 3)配置S1为vlan10的主根、vlan20的次根网桥并查看配置
44 [S1]stp instance 1 priority 4096
45 [S1]stp instance 2 priority 8192
46 
47 4)配置S2为vlan20的主根、vlan10的次根根网桥并查看配置
48 [S2]stp instance2 priority 4096
49 [S2]stp instance 1 priority 8192
50 
51 5)配置PC1加入vlan10、PC2加入vlan20**
52 [S3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
53 [S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
54 [S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
55 [S3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
56 [S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
57 [S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 20
58 
59 **6)配置S1与路由相连的接口加入vlan10**
60 [S1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
61 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
62 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
63 
64 **7)配置S2与路由相连的接口加入 vlan20**
65 [S2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
66 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
67 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 20
68 
69 **8)配置路由器接口IP**
70 [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
71 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.10.254 24
72 [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
73 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.20.254 24
74 
75 **9)测试与验证**
76 pc1 ping pc2 通
77 
78 **10)查看验证**


<SW3>display stp brief
查看S1的instance 1 g0/0/5 g0/0/6都是指定接口 查看S2的instance 2 g0/0/5 g0/0/6都是指定接口

2.链路聚合的工作模式 lacp

1)LACP模式也称为M:N模式

2)M条活动链路,N条备份链路

3)当活动链路出现故障时,备份链路才进行转发

配置步骤

1)PC配置IP地址

2)所有的交换机都创建vlan10 20

3) 交换机和pc互联的接口做成access ,并且加入指定的vlan

4)设置交换机的lacp 优先级,确定主动端设备

5) 配置链路聚合

-创建链路聚合组,组号为1

-配置链路聚合的工作模式lacp

-在链路聚合中添加成员接口

-设置接口trunk模式

-设置活动端口(活动链路)的上限阈值为2

-开启lacp 抢占

 

 1 SW1配置:
配置好相应交换机的端口(4,5)模式以及 vlan ...
10 [SW1]lacp priority 100    //配置lacp的系统优先级(越小越优先)
11 [SW1]interface eth-trunk 1   //创建链路聚合组1
12 [SW1-Eth-Trunk1]mode lacp-static   //链路聚合的工作模式是lacp
13 [SW1-Eth-Trunk1]trunkport  g 0/0/1  to  0/0/3   //在链路聚合组中添加成员接口
14 [SW1-Eth-Trunk1]port link-type trunk     //设置trunk模式
15 [SW1-Eth-Trunk1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20    //允许vlan10 20 流量通过
16 [SW1-Eth-Trunk1]max active-linknumber 2   //设置活动端口的上限阈值为2  
17 [SW1-Eth-Trunk1]lacp preempt enable   //开启抢占功能
18 
19 SW2配置:
20 [SW2]vlan batch  10  20
配置好相应交换机的端口(4,5)模式以及 vlan ....
28 [SW2]int eth-trunk 1
29 [SW2-Eth-Trunk1]mode lacp-static 
30 [SW2-Eth-Trunk1]trunkport g 0/0/1 to 0/0/3
31 [SW2-Eth-Trunk1]port link-type trunk
32 [SW2-Eth-Trunk1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20

36 测试与验证: 37 pc1 ping pc3 通 38 pc1 ping pc4 通 39 40 [SW1]display eth-trunk 1 //显示链路聚合信息 41 Preempt Delay Time: 30 //抢占延迟30秒 42 System Priority: 100 //系统优先级:100 43 Least Active-linknumber: 1 Max Active-linknumber: 2 (最大活跃链路:244 Operate status: up (状态:up) 45 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46 ActorPortName Status PortType PortPri PortNo 47 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 Selected 1GE 32768 2 (lacp给本段接口分配的序号) 48 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 Selected 1GE 32768 3 49 GigabitEthernet0/0/3 Unselect 1GE 32768 4 50 51 备注: Selected :被选择的接口 52 Unselect :位被选择的接口 53 PortPri : 端口lacp优先级 54 PortNo : lacp 协议给成员口分配的编号 55 56 Partner: (本段接口所连接的对端设备接口信息) 57 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58 ActorPortName SysPri SystemID PortPri PortNo 59 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 32768 4c1f-ccef-5a42 32768 4 (lacp给对端接口分配的序号) 60 GigabitEthernet0/0/2 32768 4c1f-ccef-5a42 32768 5 61 GigabitEthernet0/0/3 32768 4c1f-ccef-5a42 32768 6

 

 

链路聚合综合实验

 

   1 [S1]interface Eth-Trunk 1
  3 [SW1-Eth-Trunk1]mode lacp-static 
  5 [S1-Eth-Trunk1]trunkportGigabitEthernet 0/0/3 0/0/4  //注意有空格
  7 [S1-Eth-Trunk1]port link-typetrunk
  9 [S1-Eth-Trunk1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all

 13 [S2]interface Eth-Trunk 1
 15 [SW2-Eth-Trunk1]mode lacp-static 
 17 [S2-Eth-Trunk1]trunkportGigabitEthernet 0/0/5 0/0/6
 19 [S2-Eth-Trunk1]port link-typetrunk
 21 [S2-Eth-Trunk1]port trunk allow-pass vlan ALL

 25 [S3]interface Eth-Trunk 1
 27 [SW3-Eth-Trunk1]mode lacp-static 
 29 [S3-Eth-Trunk1]trunkportGigabitEthernet 0/0/3 0/0/4
 31 [S3-Eth-Trunk1]port link-typetrunk
 33 [S3-Eth-Trunk1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
37 [S4]interface Eth-Trunk 1 39 [SW4-Eth-Trunk1]mode lacp-static 41 [S4-Eth-Trunk1]trunkportGigabitEthernet 0/0/5 0/0/6 43 [S4-Eth-Trunk1]port link-typetrunk 45 [S4-Eth-Trunk1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all 49 [S5]interface Eth-Trunk 1 51 [SW5-Eth-Trunk1]mode lacp-static 53 [S5-Eth-Trunk1]trunkportGigabitEthernet 0/0/3 0/0/4 55 [S5-Eth-Trunk1]port link-typetrunk 57 [S5-Eth-Trunk1]port trunkallow-pass vlan all 59 [S5]interface Eth-Trunk 2 61 [SW5-Eth-Trunk2]mode lacp-static 63 [S5-Eth-Trunk2]trunkportGigabitEthernet 0/0/5 0/0/6 65 [S5-Eth-Trunk2]port link-typetrunk 67 [S5-Eth-Trunk2]port trunkallow-pass vlan all 69 [S5]interface Eth-Trunk 3 71 [SW5-Eth-Trunk3]mode lacp-static 73 [S5-Eth-Trunk3]trunkportGigabitEthernet 0/0/7 0/0/8 75 [S5-Eth-Trunk3]port link-typetrunk 77 [S5-Eth-Trunk3]port trunkallow-pass vlan all 81 [S6]interface Eth-Trunk 1 83 [SW6-Eth-Trunk1]mode lacp-static 85 [S6-Eth-Trunk1]trunkportGigabitEthernet 0/0/5 0/0/6 87 [S6-Eth-Trunk1]port link-typetrunk 89 [S6-Eth-Trunk1]port trunkallow-pass vlan all 91 [S6]interface Eth-Trunk 2 93 [SW6-Eth-Trunk2]mode lacp-static 95 [S6-Eth-Trunk2]trunkportGigabitEthernet 0/0/3 0/0/4 97 [S6-Eth-Trunk2]port link-typetrunk 99 [S6-Eth-Trunk2]port trunkallow-pass vlan all 101 [S6]interface Eth-Trunk 3 103 [SW6-Eth-Trunk3]mode lacp-static 105 [S6-Eth-Trunk3]trunkportGigabitEthernet 0/0/7 0/0/8 107 [S6-Eth-Trunk3]port link-typetrunk 109 [S6-Eth-Trunk3]port trunk allow-pass vlan all 110 111 ## 2)S1-S6创建vlan 112 113 [S1]vlan batch 10 20 115 [S2]vlan batch 10 20 117 [S3]vlan batch 10 20 119 [S4]vlan batch 10 20 121 [S5]vlan batch 10 20 123 [S6]vlan batch 10 20 124 125 ## 3)S1-S4端口加入vlan 126 127 [S1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 129 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]portlink-type access 131 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10 135 [S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 137 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]portlink-type access 139 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 20 143 [S3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 145 [S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]portlink-type access 147 [S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10 151 [S4]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 153 [S4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]portlink-type access 155 [S4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 20