两个视图基类

# APIView--->之前一直在用---》drf提供的最顶层的父类---》以后所有视图类，都继承自它
# GenericAPIView--》继承自APIView--》封装

1.1 继承APIView+序列化类+Response写接口

urls.py--子路由--app01--urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()),
    path('books/<int:pk>', views.BookDetailView.as_view()),
]

序列化类

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = ['id', 'name', 'price', 'publish', 'authors', 'publish_detail', 'author_list']
        extra_kwargs = {
            'publish': {'write_only': True},
            'authors': {'write_only': True},
            'publish_detail': {'read_only': True},
            'author_list': {'read_only': True},
        }

表模型

class Book(models.Model):
    ...
    @property
    def publish_detail(self):
        return {'name': self.publish.name, 'city': self.publish.city}

    @property
    def author_list(self):
        l = []
        for author in self.authors.all():
            l.append({'name': author.name, 'age': author.age})
        return l

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

视图类

class BookView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        book_list = Book.objects.all()
        ser = BookSerializer(instance=book_list, many=True)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def post(self, request):
        ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)


class BookDetailView(APIView):
    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
        ser = BookSerializer(instance=book, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
        ser = BookSerializer(instance=book)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).delete()
        return Response('')

继承GenericAPIView+序列化类+Response写接口

1  继承GenericAPIView的写法
    -1 在类中，写两个类属性：所有数据，序列化类
        queryset = Book.objects.all()
        serializer_class = BookSerializer
    -2 获取所有要序列化的数据
        self.get_queryset()
    -3 获取序列化类
        self.get_serializer(参数跟之前一样)
    -4 获取单挑
        self.get_object()
        
        
# 2 如果想快速写出Publish的5个接口，只需要修改视图类上的两个类属性即可，其他的不用动
        queryset = Publish.objects.all()
        serializer_class = PublishSerializer
# GenericAPIView源码分析
    -1 继承了APIView
    -2 有些类属性--》目前只记住两个queryset，serializer_class
        queryset        # 要序列化的所有数据
        serializer_class  # 序列化类
        lookup_field = 'pk' # 查询单条，前端传入的参数对应值【pk】，转换器
        filter_backends  # 后续要学的，过滤
        pagination_class # 后续要学的，分页
        
   -3 有些对象方法
       -get_queryset： 返回待序列化的数据
            1 调用 .all 
            2 在子类中重写，控制要序列化的数据
       -get_serializer： 返回 序列化类  以后用它
            -本质就是---》 self.serializer_class(instance=object_list, many=True) 
             -内部调用了：self.get_serializer_class
             -后期在子类中重写get_serializer_class，返回什么序列化类，以后就以哪个序列化类做序列化
       - get_serializer_class 它是用来重写的
        def get_serializer_class(self):
            if self.request.method=='GET':
                return '序列化的类'
            else:
                return '反序列化的类'
            
      -get_object 获取单条---》根据它：lookup_field   获取

对象属性查找顺序

　　在类中定义了属性
　　对象中放入了属性
　　 self.属性用的对象自己的
　　如果对象中没放：self.属性用了类的

urls.py

urlpatterns = [
    path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()),
    path('books/<int:pk>', views.BookDetailView.as_view()),

    path('publish/', views.PublishView.as_view()),
    path('publish/<int:pk>', views.PublishDetailView.as_view()),
]

views.py

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView


class BookView(GenericAPIView):
    # 配置两个类属性
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request):
        object_list = self.get_queryset()  # 获取所有要序列化的数据
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=object_list, many=True)  # 获取序列化类
        return Response(ser.data)

    def post(self, request):
        ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)


class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
        obj = self.get_object()  # 获取单挑---》内部就是按pk从request中取，取出pk对应的值，查询的
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
        obj = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        self.get_object().delete()
        return Response('')


#### 快速实现publish的5个接口
from .models import Publish
from .serializer import PublishSerializer


class PublishView(GenericAPIView):
    # 配置两个类属性
    print('xx')
    queryset = Publish.objects.all() #获取所有数据
    serializer_class = PublishSerializer

    # def get_queryset(self):
    #     return Publish.objects.all().filter(name__endswith="社")
    def get(self, request):
        # object_list = self.queryset.all()  # 获取所有要序列化的数据
        #1 写成方法的目的--》调用all()
        #2 子类可以重写这个方法--》返回什么，待序列化的数据就是什么
        object_list = self.get_queryset()  # 获取所有要序列化的数据
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=object_list, many=True)  # 获取序列化类
        # 本质就是---》 self.serializer_class(instance=object_list, many=True)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def post(self, request):
        ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)

    def get_serializer_class(self):
        if self.request.method=='GET':
            return '序列化的类'
        else:
            return '反序列化的类'



class PublishDetailView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublishSerializer

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
        obj = self.get_object()  # 获取单挑---》内部就是按pk从request中取，取出pk对应的值，查询的
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # book = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
        obj = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        self.get_object().delete()
        return Response('')

serializer.py

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = ['id', 'name', 'price', 'publish', 'authors', 'publish_detail', 'author_list']
        extra_kwargs = {
            'publish': {'write_only': True},
            'authors': {'write_only': True},
            'publish_detail': {'read_only': True},
            'author_list': {'read_only': True},
        }


class PublishSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Publish
        fields = "__all__"

5个视图扩展类

　　继承 GenericAPIView+5个视图扩展类+序列化类+Response

视图类

from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, \
    DestroyModelMixin


class BookView(GenericAPIView, CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin):
    # 配置两个类属性
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request):
        return super().list(request)

    def post(self, request):
        # 做保存，加了这一句---》目的是：子类可以重写,增强扩展性
        # self.perform_create(serializer)
        return super().create(request)


class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

9个视图子类

9个视图子类---》视图类

# CreateAPIView继承了 GenericAPIView, CreateModelMixin，写了post方法
from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView, ListAPIView
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveAPIView, DestroyAPIView, UpdateAPIView

from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView, RetrieveDestroyAPIView, RetrieveUpdateAPIView


# from rest_framework.generics import DestroyUpdateAPIView # 一般不存在，所以就没有

# 实现图书的5个接口
# class BookView(ListCreateAPIView):
#     # 配置两个类属性
#     queryset = Book.objects.all()
#     serializer_class = BookSerializer
#
#
# class BookDetailView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
#     queryset = Book.objects.all()
#     serializer_class = BookSerializer
#

# 实现新增,查所有和查询一条
class BookView(ListCreateAPIView):
    # 配置两个类属性
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer


class BookDetailView(RetrieveAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

视图集

视图类

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
class BookView(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

路由　　

path('books/',
 views.BookView.as_view({'get':'list','post':'create'})),
path('books/<int:pk>',
 views.BookView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','put':'update','delete':'destroy'})),