2：直接规则

就是简单的设置,

下面的操作，都是永久生效的，都带有permanent参数，所以，设置完后，要使用reload参数生效

1：关于服务

放行服务

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=ftp
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload 
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens33
  sources: 
  services: ssh dhcpv6-client ftp
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules:

删除服务

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-service=ftp
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload 
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens33
  sources: 
  services: ssh dhcpv6-client
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 
	
[root@localhost ~]#

2：关于端口

放行端口

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -pant|grep 21
tcp6       0      0 :::21                   :::*                    LISTEN      1796/vsftpd         
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=21/tcp
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload 
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens33
  sources: 
  services: ssh dhcpv6-client
  ports: 21/tcp
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules:

删除端口

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port=21/tcp
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload 
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens33
  sources: 
  services: ssh dhcpv6-client
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules:

关于防火墙的直接规则，频繁使用都就只有这些，后续学到别的话，会及时补充的

3：富规则

就是设置一些清楚规则

语法的格式

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --help | grep rich 
  --list-rich-rules    List rich language rules added for a zone [P] [Z]
  --add-rich-rule=<rule>
                       Add rich language rule 'rule' for a zone [P] [Z] [T]
  --remove-rich-rule=<rule>
                       Remove rich language rule 'rule' from a zone [P] [Z]
  --query-rich-rule=<rule>
                       Return whether a rich language rule 'rule' has been
[root@localhost ~]#

1：添加ftp服务的富规则

允许10网段的去访问，不允许20网段的访问

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule='rule family=ipv4 source address=192.168.20.0/24 service name=ftp reject'

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule='rule family=ipv4 source address=192.168.10.0/24 service name=ftp accept'

测试：

[root@localhost /]# curl ftp://192.168.20.101
curl: (7) Failed connect to 192.168.20.101:21; Connection refused
[root@localhost /]# curl ftp://192.168.10.101
-rw-r--r--    1 0        0               0 Dec 14 07:03 flag
[root@localhost /]#

证明成功了，只有

有个疑问了，我把客户端的10网段断开了，但是我20网段还是能访问，服务器上面的文件，也就是说禁止20网段没有成功（问老师吧）

这个nat模式能ping自己，也能ping仅主机的网卡的地址，

端口转发：

就是将80端口转发到8088端口上面去，用户在访问80的时候，会自动的跳转到8088的端口的页面上去，从而之前的80端口的页面就被隐藏了，但是我直接去访问8088了，也能呈现出跟80一样的页面

悟了

转发端口的案例：

适用于http服务，