GUI编程
组件
- 窗口
- 弹窗
- 面板
- 文本框
- 列表框
- 按钮
- 图片
- 监听事件
- 鼠标
- 键盘事件
- 破解工具
1.简介
GUI核心技术: Swing,AWT
- 因为界面不美观
- 需要jre环境
为什么我们要学习?
- 了解MVC架构,了解监听
2.AWT
2.1AWT介绍
AWT(Abstract Window Toolkit),中文译为抽象窗口工具包,该包提供了一套与本地图形界面进行交互的接口,是Java提供的用来建立和设置Java的图形用户界面的基本工具。AWT中的图形函数与操作系统所提供的图形函数之间有着一一对应的关系,称之为peers,当利用AWT编写图形用户界面时,实际上是在利用本地操作系统所提供的图形库。由于不同操作系统的图形库所提供的样式和功能是不一样的,在一个平台上存在的功能在另一个平台上则可能不存在。为了实现Java语言所宣称的“一次编写,到处运行(write once, run anywhere)”的概念,AWT不得不通过牺牲功能来实现平台无关性,也即AWT所提供的图形功能是各种操作系统所提供的图形功能的交集。
- 包含很多类和接口!GUI
- 元素:窗口、按钮、文本框
2.2组件和容器
1.Frame
示例:右示为建立一个frame框的流程图与结果图
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFrame {
public static void main(String[] args){
//Frame //此时不可见
Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图形界面");
//设置可见属性 w h
frame.setVisible(true);
//设置窗口大小
frame.setSize(400,400);
//设置背景颜色 color
frame.setBackground(new Color(1, 253, 9));
//弹出的初始位置
frame.setLocation(200,200);
//设置大小固定
frame.setResizable(false);
}
}
2.面板Panel
package com.yuan.guilesson;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("第一个Panel 面板");
//布局
Panel panel = new Panel();
//设置布局
frame.setLayout(null);
//坐标
frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
frame.setBackground(Color.blue);
//panel设置坐标,相对于frame
panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
panel.setBackground(Color.black);
//frame添加panel
frame.add(panel);
frame.setVisible(true);
//监听事件、监听关闭事件
//适配器模式:
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//结束程序
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
2.3.布局管理器
1.流式
package com.yuan.guilesson;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFlowLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
frame.setSize(200,200);
Button button1 = new Button("exit");
Button button2 = new Button("log in");
Button button3 = new Button("log out");
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));//设置为流式(左对齐模式)
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
2.东西南北中
package com.yuan.guilesson;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestBorderLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");
Button east = new Button("East");
Button west = new Button("West");
Button south = new Button("South");
Button north = new Button("north");
Button center = new Button("center");
frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setSize(500,500);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
表格布局
package com.yuan.guilesson;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestGridLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button button1 = new Button("button1");
Button button2 = new Button("button2");
Button button3 = new Button("button3");
Button button4 = new Button("button4");
Button button5 = new Button("button5");
Button button6 = new Button("button6");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.add(button4);
frame.add(button5);
frame.add(button6);
// frame.setSize(500,500);
frame.pack();//java函数,自动填充
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
总结:
- Frame是一个顶级窗口
- Panel无法单独显示,必须放入到一个容器
- 布局管理器
- 流式布局
- 东西南北中布局
- 表格布局
- 大小、定位、背景颜色、可见性、监听。
2.4.事件监听
package com.yuan.guilesson;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class TestListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//窗口
Frame frame = new Frame();
//按钮
Button button = new Button();
//新建类--动作监听
MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
//按钮监听
button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
//把按钮添加到窗口
frame.add(button);
//自适应填充按钮
frame.pack();
//新建的窗口关闭事件方法
windowsClose(frame);
//设置窗口可见
frame.setVisible(true);
}
//关闭窗口的事件
private static void windowsClose(Frame frame){
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
//新建类
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("aaa");
}
}
2.5.输入框TextField监听
package com.yuan.guilesson;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestText01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame1();
}
}
class MyFrame1 extends Frame{
public MyFrame1(){
//新建文本框域
TextField textField = new TextField();
//将文本框添加到窗口中
add(textField);
//监听这个文本框输入的文字
MyActionListener1 myActionListener1 = new MyActionListener1();
//按下回车 就会触发这个输入框
textField.addActionListener(myActionListener1);
//设置输入展示形式
textField.setEchoChar('*');
//设置窗口可见
setVisible(true);
pack();
}
}
class MyActionListener1 implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回一个对象
System.out.println(field.getText());//输出输入框的文本
field.setText("");//清空文本框
}
}
2.6简易计算器,组合+内部类回顾复习
//原始代码
package com.yuan.guilesson;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class Calculate {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
public Calculator(){
TextField num1 = new TextField("10");
TextField num2 = new TextField("10");
TextField num3 = new TextField("20");
Button button = new Button("=");
Label label = new Label("+");
button.addActionListener(new MycalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听类
class MycalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
private TextField num1, num2, num3;
public MycalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3){
this.num1 = num1;
this.num2 = num2;
this.num3 = num3;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1.获得加数和被加数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
//2.将值相加后,放到第三个框
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
//3.清除前两个框
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
//将计算器类与监听类组合起来
package com.yuan.guilesson;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class Calculate {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
//属性
public TextField num1, num2, num3;
//方法
public Calculator(){
num1 = new TextField("10");
num2 = new TextField("10");
num3 = new TextField("20");
Button button = new Button("=");
Label label = new Label("+");
button.addActionListener(new MycalculatorListener(this));
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听类
class MycalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//caculator类与监听类组合起来
Calculator calculator = null;
public MycalculatorListener(Calculator calculator){
this.calculator = calculator;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1.获得加数和被加数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
//2.将值相加后,放到第三个框
calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
//3.清除前两个框
calculator.num1.setText("");
calculator.num2.setText("");
}
}
//将监听类添加到计算器类中成为内部类关系
package com.yuan.guilesson;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class Calculate {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
//属性
public TextField num1, num2, num3;
//方法
public Calculator(){
num1 = new TextField("10");
num2 = new TextField("10");
num3 = new TextField("20");
Button button = new Button("=");
Label label = new Label("+");
button.addActionListener(new MycalculatorListener());
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
//监听类
private class MycalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1.获得加数和被加数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
//2.将值相加后,放到第三个框
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
//3.清除前两个框
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
}
2.7画笔
package com.yuan.guilesson;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestPaint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyPaint().loadFrame();
}
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
public void loadFrame(){
setBounds(200,200,600,500);
setVisible(true);
}
//画笔
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//设置画笔颜色
g.setColor(Color.red);
//画空心圆
g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
//画实心圆
g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);
//设置画笔颜色
g.setColor(Color.green);
//画实心矩阵
g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);
}
}
2.8鼠标监听
package com.yuan.guilesson;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class TestMouseListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyMouseListener("画笔");
}
}
//自己的类
class MyMouseListener extends Frame{
//画画需要画笔,需要监听鼠标当前的位置,需要集合来存储这个点
ArrayList points;
public MyMouseListener(String title) {
super(title);
setBounds(200,200,400,300);
//存鼠标点击的点
points = new ArrayList<>();
setVisible(true);
//鼠标监听, 正对这个窗口
this.addMouseListener(new MouseListener());
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//画图,监听鼠标
Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()){
Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
}
}
//添加一个点到界面上
public void addPaint(Point point){
points.add(point);
}
private class MouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
MyMouseListener myMouseListener = (MyMouseListener) e.getSource();
//鼠标点击的时候,就会在界面上产生一个点!
//这个点就是鼠标的点
myMouseListener.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
//每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
myMouseListener.repaint();//刷新
}
}
}
2.9窗口监听
2.10键盘监听
3.Swing
3.1窗口、面板
3.2弹窗
3.3标签
3.4面板
- JPanel()
- JScrollpane()
3.5按钮
- JButton()
- 单选框JRadioButton()
- 复选框JCheckBox()
3.6列表
- 下拉框
- 列表框